ACT常考语法剖析及备考建议

2018-03-16来源: 互联网浏览量：

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　　ACT语法以文章改错为考察形式，以记叙文、传记说明文考试等体裁出现，考察学生对基础语法知识和语篇的衔接与连贯的掌控能力。

　　ACT语法的考察分为两条主线：语篇修辞(35题)和基础语法(40题)。

　　语篇修辞上主要考察学生如何拓展自己的观点，如何把握句间逻辑关系去组织段落，以及如何在句法层面的遣词造句。

　　基础语法上主要考察学生如何分析长难句，如何结合句子结构使用标点以及如何把握每类词的语法功能。具体的考题占比如图所示：

　　但是无论是考察句子连接还是句间逻辑关系，ACT语法都会涉及连词、介词、副词知识的考察。每次ACT语法的75道题目，涉及这类知识的题目大多会在5~8个左右。

　　今天小编带大家从三个方面对语法进行梳理，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　一、按照词性作用分类：并列连词和主从连词。

　　并列连词

　　连接的句子之间都地位平等，可独立存在。

　　典型代表：

　　and, but, or, for, yet, so, nor,either or, neither nor, and then

　　主从连词

　　连接主句和从句，句子之间地位不平等，从句不可单独存在。

　　典型代表：

　　when, while, as, since, until,before, after

　　because, so that, whereas,although, even though/if/as(注意even so是副词)

　　if, as if, unless, in case, once,as long as

　　副词

　　副词后不能接任何词。

　　典型代表：

　　also, then, even, still,meanwhile, instead，indeed

　　thus, therefore, thereafter,hence

　　however, nevertheless,nonetheless, even so(注意even though/if/as是连词)。

　　介词

　　介词后必须接名词。

　　典型代表：

　　despite, because of, concerning, like,unlike

　　常考介词：

　　across

　　1.横过：I swim across the river.

　　2.在…对面，另一边：I liveacross the street.

　　along

　　1.沿着：I walk along the river.

　　2. along with=together with：和…一起

　　3.向前(副词)：The project has already movedquite along.

　　1.对准：The boy threw a stone at the bird.

　　2.以…的速度：at the rate/speed/pace

　　二、按照常考的逻辑关系分类：时间，原因，结果，让步，转折，补充说明，条件，比较......

逻辑关系	连词	副词	介词
时间	when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, by the time(before)	then, eventually, ultimately, before long, soon, in time(最终)
原因	because, since, as, for，in that, inasmuch as, seeing that/as	due to, owing to, because of, thanks to, on account of
结果	so, so that, such that	thus, therefore, thereafter, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result
让步	although, though, even though/if/as, while, no matter when/where	even so	despite, in spite of, for all
转折	but, whereas	however, nonetheless, conversely, nevertheless, still, yet, on the other hand, instead(相反的)
条件	if, as if, unless, as long as, in case, once, assuming/provided that
补充说明		also, furthermore, moreover, additionally, besides	as well as, apart from
强调		indeed, certainly, of course
关于			concerning, regarding, with regards to, with respect to, with reference to
比较		in contrast, by comparison, similarly, likewise(同样的)	like, unlike, as opposed to, be similar to, the same as
解释		namely, that is, in other words
与此同时		at the same time, in the mean time, meanwhile,

　　三、多重词性的高频考点：though,since, for, as, so, yet, then

though
主从连词	Though Lily tried hard, she failed the test. (虽然)
副词	Lily ran into a car accident. Fortunately, though, she survived. (但是)

though
主从连词	Though Lily tried hard, she failed the test. (虽然)
副词	Lily ran into a car accident. Fortunately, though, she survived. (但是)

for
并列连词	I locked the door, for I was afraid of thieves. (因为)
介词	I bought these gifts for you. (为了)

主从连词

As Lily grew older, she grew richer.(当—时)

As she is sick, she can’t go out. (因为)

介词

Lily works as a pilot. (作为)

In the book Lily was portrayed as a victim. (如同)

so
并列连词	It’s Sunday, so the shops are shut. (因此)
副词	He is French, and so is she. (so引导的倒装，表示“也”) They asked me to call them, and I did so. (如此，指以前提到的事情)