1、总述
所有从属从句简化的原则都是一样的,即为求concise and clear out!状语从句中能省略的无非三个部分:主语、动词和连接词。1、主语重复时可以省略。2、动词分为三种:实意动词改成非谓语的形式;be动词因其意义是“空的”,可以省略;语气助动词改成to do的形式3、连接词是否省略关注的的是,省略连接词之后是否影响句子的意思。因为省略连接词是为了让句子简洁,但却万万不能损害句子的清楚性。
2、连接词的省略
一般来说,表伴随的连接词(when/while)以及表原因的连接词(because/since/as等),省略之后不妨碍句子的清楚性。因果关系本来就有非常强烈的暗示,如果保留下来会显得相当的刺眼、累赘。例子:While the boy was lying on the coach, he fell asleep.简化之后:Lying on the coach, the boy fell asleep.Because we have nothing to do here, we might as well go now.简化之后:Having nothing to do here, we might as well go now.Because we have been warned, we processed carefully.简化之后:Having been warned, we processed carefully. warned, we processed carefully.(having been与warned都有“已经”的意思,此处省略having been句子的意思也是完整的)
3、连接词不可以省略的情况一:逻辑不清晰
例子:Although we have nothing to do here, we can’t leave early.Although是为了让逻辑关系明确才保留,否则大家会认为是“因为无视可做,我们不能离开”反之,可以改成:Having nothing to do, we STILL can’t leave early.例子:He raised his hand, as if he was trying to beat her.As if省略之后,句子的逻辑意思也会改变。
4、连接词不可以省略的情况一:时态问题
Before/since/after既是连接词有是介词!例一:After he wrote the letter, he put it into the mail.直接省略连接词,句子会出现逻辑问题。可改写成:After writing the letter, he put it into the mail.Having written the letter, he put it into the mail.When he had written the letter, he put it into the mail.例二:Before it was decorated, the house was in a bad shape.改写成:Before being decorated/decoration, the house was in a bad shape.反例:After he shot in the knee, he couldn’t fight.简化之后,Shot in the knee, he couldn’t fight.
5、不能省略主语的情况——悬荡修饰语(dangling modifier)
例子:When the boy was sleeping soundly in bed, his mom came in and kissed him goodnight.简化成:改法一:The boy sleeping soundly in bed, his mom came in and kissed him goodnight.改法二:Sleeping soundly in bed, the boy did not know it when his mom came in and kissed him goodnight.(sleeping soundly in bed是一个修饰语,但是却找不到归一,犹如悬挂在半空中漂浮不定)例子:悬挂修饰+having been的用法When the coffin had been interred, the minister said a few comforting words.
简化之后:The coffin (having been) interred, the minister said a few comforting words.