121.Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.
有些人认为，一个国家的伟大不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。也有人认为，一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上。
122.The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.
了解一个社会特点的最好方法是，考察这个社会标榜的英雄人物和模范榜样的特点。
123.The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.
社会培养年轻一代胜任政府、工业等领域的领导职位，最佳途径是灌输合作精神，而不是竞争精神。
肯定。
1. 政治，管理问题更加复杂，面临更多问题，领导人不可能是全才，合作精神，团结各类人才，完成各类任务。国际合作，环境，反恐，金融，贸易，公平原则，军事合作。竞争也重要，本国利益。
2. 企业，政府，公司之间，内部。竞争也很重要，利益。
124.All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
学院或大学应该要求学生在国外至少学习一个学期。
125.Some people claim that a nation's government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.
有些人认为，国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状。也有人认为，这些地区应该用作商业开发。
126.In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.
在任何职业或学术领域，想象力比知识重要。
127.The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.
一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。
128.Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.
有些人认为，政府、工业或其他领域的成功领导者一定是具有极强的竞争精神的。也有人认为，为了成功，领导者必须情愿并且有能力和他人合作。
129.College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
大学生应该选择那些容易找到工作的研究领域。
130.Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.
有人认为，公司有责任促进所在社会的福祉和环境。也有人认为，公司唯一的责任就是，在不违反法律的前提下多赚钱。
否定。说法一不现实，说法二是对的。
1. 为何不现实，不能要求公司主观提供福利等，公司不是慈善机构，福利和环境的改善是政府的指责，政府有责任参与管理，但公司没有这个责任。因此不能。
2. 不违法，多赚钱，唯一可行的方法，与此同时也可以实现说法1的愿望。
131.Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.
Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
结论：科研人员不应该仅仅将研究工作限制在容易在短期内有实际应用的领域。 原因：不可能肯定地预测一系列研究带来的结果。
132.Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.
有些人认为，推陈出新的技术应用减少了人们相互交流的机会。也有人认为，技术给人们带来全新的、更好的交流方式。
说法2正确。
1. 交流没有变少，反而变多了。过去的通讯，写信，电报，不具备时效性，现在网络的出现各种即时通讯软件，等等。
2. 公司视频会议。
3. 探险者，通讯工具。
4. 家庭成员，方便。
5. 趋势，发展，网络，移动设备。
133.Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.
Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.
结论：了解过去不能帮助人们在现在做重要的决定。
原因：相比刚刚发生的过去，今天的世界已经变得更加复杂。
133.Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.
Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.
结论：了解过去不能帮助人们在现在做重要的决定。
原因：人们尚且不能联系过去和现在的事情，除非两者都以成为历史。
134.Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.
教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。
135.Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.
教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。
136.Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
137.Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.
有些人认为，追求高分数促进学生在课堂表现优秀。也有人认为，这样的竞争只会限制学习的质量。
138.Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.
Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
结论：主要的政策问题应该交给政治家和其他政府专家决策。
原因：政治家和其他政府专家比普通百姓见多识广，而且有更好的判断力和洞察力。
139.Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.
有些人认为大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。也有人认为大学不应该强迫学生学习任何课程，除非这些课程有利于学生在所选的领域就业。
140.It is more harmful to compromise one's own beliefs than to adhere to them.
折衷自己的信仰比坚持信仰要有害。
基本是这样。
1. 真理
2. 慈善
3. 战斗英雄
4. 个别信仰可以妥协，因为对他人有害。
141.Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.
Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
结论：为了给学生提供一个明确的方向，学院和大学应该指定所有的必修课程，移除选修课程。
原因：和大众一样，大学生更喜欢按部就班，不喜欢自己做决定。
否定。
1. 社会上各领域经常学科交叉，不再是单一领域，选修课可以给学生多元化的只是，使得步入社会后机会更多。
2. 更有可能做出贡献，黄明，比尔盖茨，乔布斯，诺贝尔经济学奖获得者，主修课都是数学。
3. 同一个主修专业，可以选择不同的选修课，不必一样的课，除了完成本专业，同时满足了自己的兴趣，多元化发展。主修和选修结合，开创性工作。数学，环境，艺术领域，等等。
142.No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.
在任何研究领域，除非有该领域之外的人引进他们的知识和经验，否则该领域就很难获得巨大的发展。
分情况。
1. 新兴的学科交叉，分子生物学molecular biology，计量经济学econometrics，更多的研究领域，CT做出贡献。
2. 基础学科的往深处发展，就没有其他领域的人引入他们的经验。
143.True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.
真正的成功只能通过自己设定的目标来衡量。
分情况。
1. 生前的成功，约翰施特劳斯Strauss
2. 去世之后被社会认可的成功，梵高
3. 平凡的人，自己设定的目标不高，但是兢兢业业做好自己的本职工作，也算是成功。
144.The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.
相比统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上，国民的安乐更能体现一个国家的伟大。
145.The best test of an argument is the argument's ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.
最能说明辩论效果的是，让持有相反观点的人信服。
146.The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.
国家领导工作效能最好通过国民的安乐来评判。
147.Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.
国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状。
148.In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should be required to step down after five years.
如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。
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