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看看下面这道题
The _________ swim instructor kept repeating the same lesson.
A) dilatory
B) pernicious
C) superficial
D) irksome
E) boorish
请问童鞋们知道这道题的5个选项中的几个单词?是滴,就算对美国人,这也是一道在词汇上比较难的题。值得注意的是,这道题选项中的单词都是一些basic words加上前缀或者后缀变成的新的单词。所以如果我们能够掌握一些常见的前缀或者后缀的话,我们做题的时候就可以根据联系推测出一些词语的意思了。
"...ish"作为后缀通常是"...like"(像...)的意思。例如E选项中的boorish意思是"Boor-like",Boor是农民,粗鲁的人,那么boorish自然就是鲁莽顽固的意思了。
类似的,"super-"作为前缀通常是"very..."(很...);"ficial"作为前缀通常指的东西事物的表面,所以这道题中C选项是明显错误的答案。
再来看看选项D的irksome, 是由前缀"irk-"(去激怒,去扰动/to bother)和后缀"-some"(有...的倾向/tending to)组成的,所以意思基本上等于"bothersome."
由于游泳教练总是不停地重复同样的课,你可以称他"bothersome"(好烦啊,罗嗦),所以irksome作为近义词是这道题正确的选项。
常见的前缀后缀:
SAT中常见的前缀
pre - before (hence pre-fix is a word that comes before)
super - very or over (super-impose means to impose over)
dis - not (dismembered means not membered or not together)
uni - one (unicameral means one house)
a - not (atypical means not typical)
ex - out (exhale means breathe out)
in - in (inhale means breathe in)
neo - new (neoconservative means new conservative)
post - after (postmodernism means after modernism)
circum - around (circumvent the world means travel around the world)
+ ben - good (benevolent, beneficial, benefactor, etc. all carry positive charge)
- mal - bad (malevolent, malnutrition, malice)
re - again (to review is to view again)
gen - birth (genealogy is study of family history)
chron - time (chronology is study of time sequence)
poly - many (polyunsaturated means many not saturated)
intra - within (intraspecies means within one species)
inter - between (interspecies means between different species)
ante - before (antebellum means before a war)
- hypo - too little (hypothermia means too low of body temperature)
- hyper - too much (hyperactive means too active)
SAT中常见的后缀
- ble: able or capable (doable, corruptible, edible)
- ous: full of (porous means full of pores, or in other words, easily transpired through)
- ant: full of (elegant means full of elegance)
- ose: full of (grandiose means full of grandeur, grand-ness)
- fy: to make like the prefix (magnify means make larger, terrify means to make scared)
- ate: to make like the prefix (procrastinate means to make a longer time)
- ile: tending to (puerile means tending to childish-ness)
- ism: belief (racism, sexism, nationalism, etc.)
- tude: condition of (magnitude means the quantity of magnification)