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2011托福考试辅导:语法讲解(12)

2011-06-28来源: 满分网浏览量:
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  第二节 比较级

  英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式:

  在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等;

  或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等

  少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的),

  考点一 含有标志词than

  1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象,

  如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train.

  She possesses more books than I do.

  He is more intelligent than I expected.

  than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中,

  空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级,

  空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。

  例题:

  (1)

  Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.

  (A) coolest

  (B) the coolest

  (C) cooler

  (D) the cooler

  答案:A

  解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确

  (2)

  Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.

  应改为:more

  解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级

  2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来:

  情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分,

  如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain.

  (that 指代the population)

  His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues.

  (those 指代 designs)

  情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语)

  如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may

  probably contribute more to the success of a play.

  例题:

  Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals.

  (A) than do

  (B) that are having

  (C) which have

  (D) that do

  答案:A

  解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装



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