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托福阅读提分策略:弄懂长难句

2017-05-24来源: 啄木鸟教育浏览量:
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  托福阅读文章难理解的一大原因是读不懂句子,托福阅读句子明显的特点,就是长、结构复杂、生词多。因为词汇是托福阅读备考首要任务,这里不谈,那么如何弄懂托福阅读长难句呢?

  读句子时,最快的理解方式是读出主干内容,所以要分清哪些是主干。主干其实就是组成句子的主要成分所呈现的含义。这需要学生将语法学透,首先了解英语句子的五大类型

  1. 主+谓(例:I swim.)

  2. 主+谓+宾(例:I ate an apple.)

  3. 主+谓+宾+宾补(例:She found the computer useful.)

  4. 主+谓+双宾(例:He gave me a book.)

  5. 主+系+表(He is a doctor.)

  在读句子时,将句子主要成分剥离出来,抛开其他修饰,就能快速把握句子含义。但是做到这一点并不简单,学生还要识别出哪些是句子中的修饰成分?

  托福阅读长难句中常见的复杂修饰性成分有:

  1. 从句(定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等)

  例:This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valley.

  这是一个由which引导的定语从句,先行词是前面的trees。

  2. 介词短语

  例:David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change (in the animal life)(around the fort)(during the period)(between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832.)

  在这句话中,括号里的都是介词短语,做修饰成分。in the animal life做定语修饰前面的名词change;around the fort做地点状语修饰谓语动词found,说明发现的地点;during the period和between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832做时间状语修饰谓语动词found,说明发现的地点。

托福阅读提分,托福阅读长难句,托福阅读理解

  3. 分词(现在分词、过去分词)

  This“atmospheric engine”, invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed(outside the coal mines)(for which it had been designed.)

  这句话中的过去分词invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner做后置定语修饰前面的名词engine。

  4. 不定式

  The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force.

  不定式做目的状语,表明给予他们方法的目的是什么。

  分清了句子中的成分,学生在读句子时就要按照先划出主干,然后分析修饰成分,确定结构,翻译句子的流程来分析句子,经过这样的训练之后,学生就能够在阅读时快速把握主干,高效理解句子了。接下来为大家举几个托福阅读长难句分析的例子

  长难句分析举例1、They are an example of a common theme in evolution,the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason--in this case,for flight.

  先对句子进行阅读,粗略确定结构,the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason这部分内容是没有谓语成分的,是and连接的一个并列结构,可以简单想象成一个名词,逗号之后出现一个名词,确定这部分内容是同位语成分。而破折号后面的内容是补充,肯定不是主干。

  这样分析之后,就能够确定句子主干:They are an example (of a common theme in evolution)

  the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason是an example 的同位语

  in this case,for flight是同位语成分的补充说明。

  句子翻译:它们例证了进化中的一个常见主题,即不同类型的身体结构和功能为了同一目的而或多或少地平行发展——在这种情况下,是为了飞行的目的。

  长难句分析举例2、Indeed,had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils,they might well have been classified as dinosaurs.

  对于英语语法知识没学透彻的学生来说,这句话理解起来是困难的,因为结构中有虚拟语气、省略和倒装。在分析这种难度较大的句子之前,建议学生复习“虚拟语气”这个概念。

  句子分析:虚拟语气,条件从句had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils省略了if,助动词had提前;正常语序为if it had not been for the superb preservation of these fossils)

  句子翻译:确实,如果不是这些化石被极好地保存下来,它们也许会被归到恐龙里去。

  以上就是关于托福阅读长难句理解的一些介绍。想要取得托福阅读高分,学生就一定要学会怎样高效的读句子。托福阅读长难句分析训练是必不可少的,而学好基础的语法知识能够帮助学生更快地搞定长难句。

  本文由啄木鸟教育编辑整理,欢迎转载

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本文关键字:托福阅读提分,托福阅读长难句,托福阅读理解
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