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托福阅读事实信息题解题技巧

2017-06-19来源: 啄木鸟教育浏览量:
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  托福阅读有十大题型,相对而言,事实信息题(或称细节题)是较为简单的一类,这类题型不需要学生理清作者写作的思路或者思考内容背后的含义,只需要确定文章中对应的说法,80%左右的事实信息题都只需要阅读文章中一两个关键的句子就足够解题了。

  托福阅读事实信息题在每篇阅读文章中出现至少1题,多者能有3-4题,占分比高。而解题时需要学生从题干中确定关键词,由关键词找到原句,再通过原句与选项选出同意改写的答案即可。在回到原文与确定选项两个步骤,一些技巧可以帮助学生节省答题时间。

  定位步骤中,如果题干中出现人名、地名、大写文字、数字、年代或者专有名词等,这些都将帮助学生高效定位到原文。一般情况下题干中会给出对应段落,如果没有给定段落,解题时一般按照行文顺序来缩小定位范围。

  比如题目“Paragraph 3 supports the idea that Gause’s experiments were important because they ____”题干问的是文章支持Gause的实验很重要是因为什么?由人名Gause定位到红字部分,发现本句和“important ”没有关系,但是从下一句可以看出实验证明了”the law of competitive exclusion”,解出题目。

  Paragraph 3: To what extent competition determines the composition of a community and the density of particular species has been the source of considerable controversy. The problem is that competition ordinarily cannot be observed directly but must be inferred from the spread or increase of one species and the concurrent reduction or disappearance of another species. The Russian biologist G. F. Gause performed numerous two-species experiments in the laboratory, in which one of the species became extinct when only a single kind of resource was available. On the basis of these experiments and of field observations, the so-called law of competitive exclusion was formulated,according to which no two species can occupy the same niche. Numerous seeming exceptions to this law have since been found, but they can usually be explained as cases in which the two species, even though competing for a major joint resource, did not really occupy exactly the same niche. (TPO 29 Competition)

托福阅读事实信息题,托福阅读细节题,托福阅读技巧

  选项内容并不是文章中的原话,所以在确定选项时,要看出选项句对原句的改写。

  改写后的句子在意思和语言逻辑结构上完全符合定位句。但是很多正确选项可能是抽象、概括的,没有明显的改写痕迹。所以在确定选项时要学会使用排除法。托福阅读事实信息题错误选项的一般特点:

  1.体现了原文中并没有出现的信息或者比较、最高级等语言现象

  2.体现的是原文中的信息,但是信息是定位句之外的,或者并不从属于关键词

  3.存在极端词汇,如must、never等等

  4.单纯重复原文信息,与提问内容无关或没有正面回答问题

  例题:As railroad lines fanned out from Chicago, farmers began to acquire open prairie land in Illinois and then Iowa, putting the fertile, deep black soil into production. Commercial agriculture transformed this remarkable treeless environment. To settlers accustomed to eastern woodlands, the thousands of square miles of tall grass were an awesome sight. Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big blue stem all grew higher than a person. Because eastern plows could not penetrate the densely tangled roots of prairie grass, the earliest settlers erected farms along the boundary separating the forest from the prairie. In 1837, however,John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel plow that sliced through the sod without soil sticking to the blade. Cyrus McCormick refined a mechanical reaper that harvested fourteen times more wheat with the same amount of labor. By the1850s McCormick was selling 1,000 reapers a year and could not keep up with demand, while Deere turned out 10,000 plows annually. (TPO 33 Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century United States)

  According to paragraph 5, the first settlers generally did not farm open prairie land because _____

  A.they could not plow it effectively with the tools that were available.

  B.prairie land was usually very expensive to buy.

  C.the soil along boundaries between the forest and the prairie was more fertile than the soil of the open prairie.

  D.the railroad lines had not yet reached the open prairie when the first settlers arrived.

  根据题干中“the first settlers”和“the first settlers”大致定位到第一句和第三句这样的语义群,再根据题干中的“ because”定位到第四句。(eastern plows could not penetrate the densely tangled roots of prairie grass)。

  看选项:A选项提到了耕作工具的原因;B选项出现了原文中没有的信息,排除;C选项中出现了原文中不存在的对比关系,根据第一句可以看出the soil of the open prairie是肥沃的,但是没有对比;D选项并非定位到的内容,排除。所以正确选项是A选项。

  托福阅读事实信息题的考察点是学生能够快速定位原文信息,解题时不需要学生加入个人背景知识,按照上述解题步骤进行解题,答对率会更有保证,而如果读完全段,再根据已有的理解和常识解题,往往容易陷入错误选项中。

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  托福阅读推论题提分技巧

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本文关键字:托福阅读事实信息题,托福阅读细节题,托福阅读技巧
编辑: Buddy
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