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托福阅读细节题的解题方法

2017-10-19来源: 互联网浏览量:
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   托福考试中如果说哪项算是最简单的,可能很多同学都会说是阅读。备考阶段同样最容易被忽视的也是阅读。大家都会感觉阅读是自己的强项,对于强项无需过多的重视。然而这种认知不一定准确。托福阅读想获得高分并不简单。

  ETS对阅读高水平(High level)的评定标准是22—30分。而事实上,阅读如果达不到25分以上,总分想要过百会比较困难。那么托福阅读如何提升,避免错题呢?首先,在回归原文的那类题目中,我们尽力不要失分。

  这里就要说道托福阅读的文章细节考查题。问法:According to the passage, what/ which/ why/ when?

  解答文章细节考查题,我们一般都可以回到原文中去做定位,找到相近或相似的内容,进而得出答案。常见的定位有以下3种:

  (1)题目本身给出定位。

  (2)至少先可作出一个段落的定位。

  (3)位置多夹于前后两题位置之间。

  在这个特殊的考试时间段内,我们的记忆比理解更为重要,在解题的时候一定要完全忠实于原文,切忌私自做出任何的主观臆断。在做题步骤方面,我们可以先简读原文(主要是各个段落的第一,二句话),而后阅读题目,最后观察选项做出判断。值得我们特别注意的是,我们在做出判断的时候,切忌不要选择在选项中存在比较,而在原文中没有明确表示过的项目;切忌不要去选择那些说法过于绝对化的选项。

  那么,细节题如何定位我们用一个例题来详细说:

  Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

  According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

  A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

  B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

  C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

  D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

  这是一个典型的细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位,因为它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名,势必会定位在该段的第一句话,托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案,这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的,因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer,这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的,按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符,B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子:

  Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

  According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

  A. They occur at the end of a succession.

  B. They last longer than any other type of community.

  C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

  D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

  这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位,但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位,即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的,succession是在引号里面的,都非常醒目,通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号,在500的上方有a climax community,但它是单数,与题干关键词不完全匹配,细节题讲究的是精确定位,所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities,即该段的最后一句话。

  否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种:一是无中生有,即根据定位点的内容,四个选项只有一个没有提到,这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴,即根据定位点的内容表述,只有一个选项与之矛盾,这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言,根据定位的最后一句话,从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项,D项的意思与原句相符,而C项与原句矛盾,所以正确答案是C。综上所述,做新托福阅读的细节题,最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。

  以上是托福阅读中细节题目回归原文的方法。这类题目一定要避免错误才能获得高分哦!



本文关键字:托福阅读,托福阅读细节题,文章定位
编辑: keri
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