7. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

　　A. Urban pollution has not doubled in the past decade.

　　B. Doctors and patients generally ignore the role of allergies in asthma.

　　C. Bronchial inhalers are unsafe, even when used according to the recommended instructions.

　　D. The use of bronchial inhalers aggravates other diseases that frequently occur among asthma sufferers and that often lead to fatal outcomes even when the asthma itself does not.

　　E. Increased urban pollution, improved recording of asthma deaths, and the used of asthma deaths, and the use of bronchial inhalers are the only possible explanations of the increased death rate due to asthma.

　　参考答案：E

　　思路：不是解释1和2，就是解释3。隐含了1，2，3外没用其他解释的理由。

　　A. 支持。

　　B. 无关。中心是role的问题。

　　C. 可以算无关，也可以算削弱。

　　D. 加强

　　E. 取非，除了1，2，3解释还有其他解释。典型的他因削弱，符合ETS 假设定义。

　　8. Advertisement: Clark brand-name parts are made for cars manufactured in this country. They satisfy all of our government automotive tests-the toughest such tests in the world. With foreign-made parts, you never know which might be reliable and which are cheap look-alikes that are poorly constructed and liable to cost you hundreds of dollars in repairs. Therefore, be smart and insist on brand-name parts by Clark for your car.

　　The argument requires the assumption that

　　A. Clark parts are available only in this country

　　B. foreign-made arts are not suitable for cars manufactured in this country

　　C. no foreign-made parts satisfy our government standards

　　D. parts that satisfy or government standards are not as poorly constructed as cheap foreign made parts

　　E. if parts are made for cars manufactured in our country, they are not poorly constructed

　　参考答案：D

　　思路：C东东通过了G test, 所以，选C东东，不选国外东东。

　　A. 无关，而且有only,

　　B. 加强。

　　C. 无关。用不用G和国外的与satisfy standards 无关。

　　D. 取非。通过了test的G与国外的一样。削弱。

　　E. 加强。

　　9. Nuclear fusion is a process whereby the nuclei of atoms are joined, or “fused”, and in which energy is released. One of the by-products of fusion is helium-4 gas. A recent fusion experiment was conducted using “heavy” water contained in a sealed flask. The flask was, in turn, contained in an air-filled chamber designed to eliminate extraneous vibration. After the experiment, a measurable amount of helium-4 gas was found in the air of the chamber. The experiments cited this evidence in support of their conclusion that fusion had been achieved.

　　Which one of the following, if true, would cast doubt on the experimenters’ conclusion?

　　A. Helium-4 was not the only gas founding the experiment chamber.

　　B. When fusion is achieved, it normally produces several by-products, including tritium and gamma rays.

　　C. The amount of helium-4 found in the chamber’s air did not exceed the amount of helium-4 that is found in ordinary air.

　　D. Helium-4 gas rapidly breaks down, forming ordinary helium gas after a few hours.

　　E. Nuclear fusion reactions are characterized by the release of large amount of heat.

　　参考答案：C

　　思路：FACT: nuclear fusion产生H-4. 现象：某个试验有he-4,结论：试验中有nuclear fusion.

　　驳斥方向：

　　1. 断桥。有h4推不出nuclear fusion，不过本题无法断桥，因为这是个Fact.

　　2. 他因，试验中的h4有其他来源。

　　A. 无关

　　B. 无关，和A说的同一件事情。

　　C. 他因。试验中h4 是本来就有的。

　　D. 无关，本句中心是helium gas 不是h-4。Helium 属于文中没用提的东东，虽然都是helium.

　　E. 无关，陷阱。试验中完全可能有大量的热，作者没用说，谁也不知道有没有热。

　　10. Every photograph, because it involves the light rays that something emits hitting film, must in some obvious sense be true. But because it could always have been made to show things differently than it does, it cannot express the whole truth and, in that sense, is false. Therefore, nothing can ever be definitively proved with a photograph.

　　Which one of the following is an assumption that would permit the conclusion above to be properly drawn?

　　A. Whatever is false in the sense that it cannot express the whole truth cannot furnish definitive proof.

　　B. The whole truth cannot be known.

　　C. It is not possible to determine the truthfulness of a photograph in any sense.

　　D. It is possible to use a photograph as corroborative evidence if there is additional evidence establishing the truth about the scene photographed.

　　E. If something is being photographed, then it is possible to prove definitively the truth about it.

　　参考答案：A

　　思路：

　　前提：the photograph in some obvious sense be true, but it cannot express the whole truth .

　　推论：nothing can ever be definitively proved with a photograph. The problem is which of the following can permit the conclusion be properly drawn.

　　A. what cannot express the whole truth cannot furnish definitive proof. Right!

　　B. it is obviously wrong

　　C. sometimes the photograph cannot express the whole truth but not in any sense. Wrong.

　　D. this sentence said that photograph can use as an extra evidence for the truth, but it is no relations with the problem.

　　E. it is obviously wrong according to the passage.

　　Questions 11-12