Explanation

　　1.The correct answer is C

　　Choice (C) is correct. It avoids the modification error of the original by placing the subject of the sentence, “American artist Willem de Kooning” directly after the modifying phrase “Combining both figurative and abstract elements in his paintings.”

　　2.The correct answer is D

　　Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by using the demonstrative pronoun “those” to refer appropriately to “ships” so that “Viking ships” are logically compared with “those [ships] used by the English.”

　　3.The correct answer is D

　　Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the awkwardness and wordiness of the original by using the idiomatic phrase “dominated by information rather than industry” to characterize the “new era” discussed in the sentence.

　　4.The correct answer is D

　　Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the comma splice error of the original by combining the two independent clauses that were improperly joined by only a comma (“There are many famous quotations previously credited to ‘Anonymous’” and “researchers have discovered that they were in fact written by female authors”) into one sentence consisting of a main clause (“Researchers have discovered”) and a dependent clause (“that many famous quotations previously credited to ‘Anonymous’ were in fact written by female authors”).

　　5.The correct answer is D

　　Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by using the demonstrative pronoun “those” to refer appropriately to “ships” so that “Viking ships” are logically compared with “those [ships] used by the English.”