ETS对托福独立写作的评分标准包括论证和语言两个方面，前者包括文章的结构清晰、展开充分、段落统一，后者则包括词汇的适当、句法的多样性、语法的正确，后者之中，句法的多样性是很多学生在写作中没有足够认识的，从而呈现句法简单单一的问题，这在托福写作的电子阅卷和人工评卷中都会使得分数受到影响。《托福官方指南》明确指出，一篇表达清晰的文章，如果句法过于简单，至多也只能得到3分(5分制)， 可见句法多样性的重要性。

　　中国学生常用的句型就是简单句、并列句和复合句中的状语从句，学生在作文中反复使用同样的句型则无法充分体现对于不同英语句型的掌握，因此需要增强学生使用不同的句型和不同的句子开头方式使句式多样化的意识。举个例子来说，有学生在针对题目“有导游带领的跟团游是否是最好的旅行方式”所写作的文章中，用了四个When开头的时间状语从句，写这样同样句式的五个句子，只能表明学生会用一种句型，会降低ETS对学生句法多样性在评分，而且缺乏变化会使得写作缺乏阅读趣味。所以我将句子的开头形式进行修改如下。

　　1原句：When people visit a new place, generally they have two choices, either joining a tour group or arranging the trip schedule by themselves.

　　修改句(非人称名词开头)：Two options are available when people decide to visit an unfamiliar place, either to join a tour guide or to arrange the schedule by oneself.

　　2原句：When I went to Israel, I had researched and read much information about the famous places.

　　修改句(介词短语开头)：To prepare for my trip to Israel/ Before setting out on my trip to Israel/, I did thorough research on the culture, landscape and religion of the country.

　　3原句：When we went to the edge of the temple, our guide told us that this ancient temple was more bigger than the present size.

　　修改句(介词短语开头)：Upon finally reaching the far edge of the big temple, our guide told us that the ancient temple was even bigger.

　　4原句：When we went to Kenya, we joined a tour guide for the grassland sightseeing.

　　修改句(分词开头)：Traveling for the first time in Kenya, we decided to play safe by joining a tour guide on grassland sightseeing.

　　5原句：However when we have a guide, he/she can know where the lions and the elephants appear at that time and let the driver to drive us there quickly.

　　修改句(介词短语开头)：However, with the help of a tour guide, we can avoid venturing into the areas where lions and elephants appear for the tour guides would warn the drivers not to enter those danger zones.

　　经过改动的文章句法和开头方式都更为多样，从而能反映出更高的语言水平。

　　为了帮助学生练习不同的句型和开头形式，我们教学生对同一句话用不同的句型和开头方式表达，比如“科学技术的发展使得人们学习知识更简单了”这样一句话尝试用超过十种方式表达，从而加强句型和开头方式的灵活性。

　　开头形式可以是人称、非人称名词，动名词，形式主语，介词短语，What主语从句，强调句It开头，修辞疑问句中疑问代词等等。以下且举十句为例。

　　(1)人称：The development of science and technology makes it easier for people to learn knowledge.

　　(2) It形式主语开头：It is easier for people to acquire knowledge as science and technology keeps developing.

　　(3) 动名词开头：Learning knowledge has been made easier with the development of science and technology.

　　(4)介词短语开头：With the development of science and technology, people can acquire knowledge more easily

　　(5) What主语从句：What makes it easier for people to acquire knowledge is the development of science and technology.

　　(6)非限制性定语从句：Science and technology keeps developing, which makes it easier for people to acquire knowledge.

　　(7)分词：Drawing on the advantages brought by the development of science and technology, people can acquire knowledge more easily

　　(8)强调句：It is the development of science and technology that makes it easier for people to acquire knowledge.

　　(9)修辞疑问句之反问句：Doesn’t the development of science and technology make it easier for people to acquire knowledge.

　　(10)虚拟语气：If science and technology hadn’t develped so much, people wouldn’t be able to acquire knowledge so easily.

　　通过这样的练习，学生可以提高句式开头多样化的意识，学会不同的开头方法。

　　除却增强句法多样性和开头多样化的意识和学会不同的开头方式，对于不同句型的掌握是实现句法多样性的根本所在。中国学生常用的句型就是简单句、并列句和复合句中的状语从句，水平更高的学生可以用到名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)和定语从句，对于其他高级和特殊句型的使用(定语从句中的非限制性定语从句、分词结构，虚拟语气、强调句、插入语、平行结构等)则使用更少，这都造成了学生文章句法多样性方面不足，句法较为简单、单一，难以达到获得高分对句法多样性的要求。为了让学生更加轻松地在作文中用出更多的语法句型，我和我的同事们特意增加了对于固定高级句型的学习，给学生提供文章各个不同位置分别适合使用的高级句式以及句子框架模板，这些句型模板中主语从句、非限制性定语从句、分词，虚拟语气、强调句等各种句型，从而使得学生在学习练习后能够在文章中运用出不同句式的句子，有效提高写作成绩。

　　考试作文的漂亮句式的实现不仅需要学生学习精美的句式模板，还需要大量的多样话句子表达练习来夯实英语写作基本功。有了这样的准备，写出一篇句法多样、语言漂亮在高分作文并非难事。我们相信，经过训练，每个学生都能够写出漂亮的作文!